Got Back Pain? You May Need to See a Physical Therapist in Brooklyn
Got Back Pain? You May Need to See a PT
Back pain is a major health problem worldwide, and it is one of the leading causes of disability among older adults. It can affect a wide range of age groups, and frequently affects daily life, sleep patterns, work performance, and a decrease in overall general well-being.
Common Causes of Back Pain
While back pain is easily felt, unfortunately, the main cause is not easily diagnosed and identified. This is why medications are not enough to drive away back pain, and why physical therapy is important. A physical therapist may help to identify the main cause of the problem. According to research, the single most common cause of back pain is mechanical stress or soft tissue injuries.
Mechanical Issues - this refers to a muscle strain or a ligament sprain. A strain happens when your muscle is stretched and pulled to a capacity it can’t accommodate. This commonly happens due to overuse, fatigue, poor alignment and improper use of a muscle. For example, we can strain our back muscles if we perform a deadlift incorrectly. Another mechanical issue, a sprain occurs when a ligament (the structure that holds our bones together) is stretched and pulled. When this happens, it is then a muscle’s responsibility to hold the joints together, ultimately resulting in fatigue and pain. If this is the cause of your back pain, rest, stretching, and strengthening exercises are usually implemented during therapy.
A herniated disc & degenerative disc disease - a disc is found in between our vertebral spine. It’s a jelly-like structure that functions as a shock absorber. Sometimes, a disc slips and wedges out in between where it’s supposed to be, and compresses the nerve roots found behind the spine. This then causes pain that corresponds to the nerve it is impinging on. With this type of back pain, one can also expect pain to be present in parts of the lower extremities. Intervertebral discs also go through the usual wear and tear we experience as we age, so they lose water and their jelly like consistency lessens which affects their shock absorbing function. Since they cannot resist forces well, the ultimate result is also back pain.
Sacroiliac joint dysfunction - another condition that causes back pain is an issue with the joint that joins your sacrum at the bottom of your spine to your pelvis. Dysfunctions happen when there is too much or too little movement in this area. There is too little movement when we are very tight around the hips and pelvis, and there is too much movement when we are very flexible around the joint. Both of these circumstances lead to instability. A physical therapist can spot a sacroiliac joint dysfunction through special tests.
Facet Joint Dysfunction - Facet joints are like the pillars of your spine. They connect vertebrae to one and another. Facets can be inflamed when there are degenerative changes. This can cause pain when you turn your back a certain way or if you try to bend forward or backward. When facets undergo degenerative changes, they can also affect the discs, thus causing even more pain to an individual.
Trauma - Fractures and dislocation of spinal segments and parts can also occur, especially in contact sports. These can also result from a very bad fall, or a vehicular accident. Trauma to the spine not only causes back pain, but it can also put a person at risk of paralysis.
There are also more serious underlying causes of back pain like cancer and osteoarthritis. The goal of physical therapy is not just to eliminate the pain, as medications do, but also define and eliminate the source of the pain itself.
You May Need to See a PT
If you’re in a lot of pain, you would most likely choose to lie down and rest, to let it go away by itself. However, studies suggest that resting will only make your back pain worse! This is because your muscles grow weaker with tightness and fatigue when there is pain and bed rest promotes even more weakness.
So what should you expect from a typical physical therapy appointment? A PT will help you decrease the pain you are feeling by using physical agents like hot and cold compresses, electrical stimulation, and ultrasound therapies. Physical therapists may also try to do manual therapy in which they use soft and deep tissue massage to loosen your muscles, and joint mobilization techniques to loosen up tendons or ligaments. Lastly, they will teach you exercises that will help stretch and strengthen structures around your spine.
Williams and McKenzie Exercises
These two are almost always incorporated during exercise in a physical therapy program. Williams exercises are all about flexion of the spine, while McKenzie exercises are all about extension. They both consist of about five to six exercises or positions that you have to hold and perform, that stretch and strengthen your spine at a certain level. While they both try to address your pain, it is extremely important to know what is causing your back pain before performing any type of exercises. Williams and McKenzies are only meant for certain types of diagnosis. For example, if you have spinal stenosis, structures in your spine are crammed together when you extend your back. In this scenario, your PT will teach you William’s Flexion Exercises. In cases where a disc is bulging, your PT will likely teach you McKenzie’s Extension to help decrease the backward displacement of your disc.
Think of your spine as the mast of a ship. It’s a tall pole that’s placed in the center of a ship, with lots of attachments but only a few supports. Your spine is surrounded by internal organs, ligaments and muscles. Your muscles are one of the main supports of your spine, so it’s important to keep them strong and healthy. If they tighten up or weaken, they cause back pain. Don’t forget to ask your PT for a home exercise program, and make sure to follow it!
Preventing Lower Back Pain From Returning
There is always a risk for back pain to return. So here are tips to prevent it from recurring:
1- Remain active. Live a healthier lifestyle!
This includes having a balanced diet. You should try to avoid being overweight since it increases the load on your spine. There is still much work to be done after Physical Therapy for back pain, so it is best if you can find a fitness regimen that will fit your schedule and lifestyle to prevent your muscles from being atrophied and stiff. It can be as simple as a low-aerobic activity like brisk walking in the morning, a 10 to 15 minute full body stretch before going to work, or swimming for an hour every weekend. Some patients feel comfortable with enrolling in yoga and pilates classes, since these types of exercise incorporate both stretching and strengthening in their poses. Exercise is very important as a lot of patients return to PT because their muscles went back to their original state, causing a recurrence of back issues.
2- Work on proper posture, and learn proper body mechanics
It’s quite hard even for the most fit individual to maintain proper posture at all times. One way to help yourself to keep a good posture is exercise, and another is learning proper body mechanics. Body mechanics is a term used to describe how to move around efficiently and without hurting yourself. There is a right way to lift that heavy box of paperwork, and there’s a proper way to move furniture.
3- Reduce stress and quit smoking!
While back pain is as real as can be, one big factor that can affect it is stress. Having back problems while sitting in front of a desk at work? It will probably worsen if you are stressed and anxious about a deadline. Even worse, what started as just lower back pain can extend up until the upper back, or radiate down the legs- i.e.- Sciatica. Don’t forget to get some “me” time, meditate, and relax. Also, stop smoking. It’s not yet entirely clear how smoking specifically affects back pain, but it does narrow your blood vessels, which can result in decreased nutrients delivered to the spine and back area.
Suffering from back pain? Give Evolve Physical Therapy in Brooklyn a call today! 1-718-258-3300
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There’s physical therapy, there’s training, and then there’s EVOLVE. We use the science of biomechanics merged with fitness to help our patients get better and stay better!
First we evaluate, then we heal, then we strengthen our clients so they can reach their goals, feel better, and live happier lives. We do so by utilizing a range of core techniques and specialized treatments to reduce pain, improve mobility, enhance physical strength and deal with the underlying issues, not just the pain itself.
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